Scabies, previously known as the seven-year itch, is a contagious skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. These mites dig deep into your skin to deposit eggs and live, and cause an allergic reaction. It starts with a little itchiness in between the fingers, wrists, or near the waistline and turns into severe itching, rashes, and pimples. Scabies typically target the young and is often worse at night. It often spreads by direct skin contact with an infected person (possibly during sex). The spread of the disease may occur even when the person has no symptoms. Crusted scabies is an advanced type of scabies. It only affects people with poor immune systems. Scabies starts as a small rash or a pimple that is itchy. It then progresses to form tiny burrows in the skin.

Scrotal is the loose skin or muscular sac portion in the male testicle organ (male reproductive system). The scrotum (or scrotal sac) is located under the penis. Its primary function is to protect testicles, blood vessels, and assist in sperm production (since it consists of spermatic cord). The spermatic cord contains lymphatic vessels, organ nerves, and excretory duct of the testicles. Scrotal or testicular exploration is examination of the testicle region. It is done to treat the condition of testicular torsion. When a testicle rotates, the spermatic cord is also twisted and interrupts the blood flow to the scrotum. The condition when blood supply cuts to the testicles is known as ischemia. Under this condition, the patient will experience pain and swelling. Testicular torsion commonly occurs in young boys (12-16 years). It can even occur during birth. It is an emergency condition, which needs emergency care. Only quick treatment will save the testicles of the patient. If it is severely damaged, then testicles have to be removed.

Sepsis arise when chemicals discharged into the circulation system to fight diseases trigger inflammatory responses. This can, in turn, trigger a course of changes that can harm different organ systems and cause them to fail. Sepsis is common in old age and in people with a weak immune system.

A severe bone fracture is a condition in which the bone becomes discontinuous owing to the damages caused due to stress or high force impact. An injury or other medical conditions like osteoporosis or brain cancer could also result in severe bone fracture. If the covering skin is intact, it is called closed fracture and if the skin is open and the bones are broken, it is called an open fracture. Open fractures are prone to infections. If there are other wounds in close proximity of the fracture, it is called a compound fracture. There are various other types of fracture like clean fracture, contaminated fracture, displaced fracture, non-displaced fracture, linear fracture, transverse fracture, oblique fracture, spiral fracture, compression fracture, impact fracture, complete fracture, incomplete fracture, comminuted fracture, etc

Burns, as commonly associated with injuries, is a condition in which the patient experiences a heightened burning sensation on the skin. Clinically, it is defined as a condition in which the skin is severely damaged, and so are the skin cells and tissues. Under severe burns, the skin cells will die. In this condition, the patient has to be treated under emergency to avoid further health complications. In human anatomy, skin regulates the body temperature and fluid. Under severe burns, skin loses its ability to control the body temperature. The body will also become susceptible to bacteria and virus attacks. Under any type of burn injury, swelling and fluid collection happens in the burn area. It is likely to break skin, and exposes the body to risk of infection. According to W.H.O, an estimated 2,65,000 deaths every year are caused by burns, with the vast majority in low-and middle-income countries. Non-fatal burn injuries are a leading cause of morbidity, and occur mainly in home and at workplace.

Shingles, also called herpes zoster, is a painful rash with blisters. It is caused by reactivation of the chicken pox virus (varicella zoster). The rash occurs on one side of the body or face, affecting a small area. The disease is common among older people or those with a weaker immune system (due to stress, injury, illness, or a high dose of medication). It subsides on its own in a few days, and is treatable. As per a report, hospitals in India record more than 1 million cases of shingles every year.

Skin allergies are referred to as irritated skin with symptoms like bumps, red patches, and itching. They are caused by a number of factors, such as infections, immune system disorders, and reactions to medicines. The various types of skin allergies are; eczema, dermatitis, urticaria and angioedema. Eczema is a common skin problem affecting infants more than adults. The disease is due to drying of the skin, resulting in irritation and inflammation when exposed to environmental factors. It is often linked to asthma, allergic rhinitis, or certain types of food allergies. Dermatitis is a type of allergy that occurs when skin comes in contact with a certain type of alloy or allergen. People develop allergic reactions to alloys like nickel, causing red patches, irritation, and itching. Urticaria is another kind of allergy, and is also referred to as hives. It is triggered when the immune system produces the histamine hormone. It causes small blood vessels under the skin to leak and cause swelling. Angioedema is swelling underneath the skin. It is usually a reaction to a trigger, such as a medication or something a person is allergic to. All these types of skin allergies together might cause a lot of trouble to our sensitive skin, but the advancement of cutting edge technology also gives us access to a thorough treatment of it.

Since skull base tumour is rare, risk factors are hard to determine but once caught, it can be life threatening. Most Skull Base Tumours grow inside the skull but some form on the outside. The term ‘skull base tumour’ refers to the location of a brain tumour. A skull base tumour is an abnormal growth in the part of the brain that meets the base of the skull. The type of cancer cells can be several including both cancerous and noncancerous cells, which are hostile and tender in nature respectively. Most skull base tumours that are benign and grow slowly can cause serious damage to the mechanism of the brain because they tend to develop in a confined space of the brain. Skull base tumours originate from the neurovascular structures of the base of the brain, the cranial base itself or the subcranial structures of the head and neck.

There are many proven diseases that are caused, once a person starts smoking regularly. The main reason why smoking is injurious to health is because it hinders our body’s filtering of air and cleaning procedure of the lungs. That is why lungs are undoubtedly the most affected organ of a person who smokes. Smoking paralyzes cilia, an organ that is hairy and helps in cleaning of dirt and dust particles. When cilia is affected, mucus and toxin get accumulated in our lungs, resulting in congestion. In extreme conditions, it can become chronic bronchitis -- widely known as smokers cough. As per the recent survey, it was found that 80% of people who smoked were affected by lung cancer. Smoking emerged as the undoubtful cause of lung cancer in many patients. Some of the major smoking related lung diseases are: Asthma Asthma is as a lung disease that narrows and inflames the airways in the lungs. It is of chronic nature and causes continous periods of wheezing, breathlessness, coughing, and chest pain . The airways are defined as tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs. The inflammation causes the airways to swell and become very sensitive. The airways strongly react to inhaled substances, and this reaction causes the muscle to tighten. The swelling can also make the cells to produce mucus that can further narrow the airways. Emphysema Due to continuous smoking, the lung structure of a person is affected. The elastic wall that our lungs have, breaks down, resulting in a minimum transfer of oxygen from air to our blood. This condition is medically known as emphysema. A person who is a chain smoker is likely to have some sort of emphysema, depending upon the various levels of infection in the lungs. Once the tissues that carry oxygen to our blood are damaged due to smoking, they cannot reform. The only corrective measure is to avoid smoking. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Chronic bronchitis is a condition when inflammation happens in the bronchial tubes present in the lungs. The inflammation caused, narrows the tubes, which makes it difficult to breathe. It causes persistent cough often followed by mucus (sputum). Chronic bronchitis is another form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lung cancer The deadliest disease caused by smoking is lung cancer. It has resulted in numerous deaths over a period of time. The most important factor found in all the patients affected by lung cancer is smoking. Many people are not aware about the fact that even passive smoking is a reason for a person to suf

Spondyloarthritis is a term used to define inflammatory diseases, covering joints and joining points of tendons and ligaments. It is a type of arthritis that affects the spine and may involve skin, intestine or eyes in certain cases. It is also known as spondyloarthritis or spondyloarthropathy. The disease is similar to rheumatoid arthritis, but the rheumatoid factor in the blood does not increase in case of spondyloarthritis. This disease causes joint inflammation, leading to back pain and rashes. If the lower vertebra back pain is ignored, normal functioning of the body is affected while also limiting mobility in severe cases. Pain in legs and arms is referred to as peripheral spondyloarthritis. It is often accompanied with inflammation and swelling around joints, which come and go.

A Squint, or strabismus is a medical condition in which the eyes do not align properly. They do not look in the same direction at the same time. The disorder occurs due to poor eye muscle control. Other reasons are, improper balance of eye muscles, faulty nerve signals to the eye muscles, and focusing faults (usually long sight). Due to these complications, eyeballs may converge or diverge, thus obstructing proper functioning of the eye. The disorder can affect at any age (adult or baby). A child may be born with a squint or develop the condition right after birth. In case, the child develops the condition 6-7 weeks after birth, it is necessary to consult a doctor (eye specialist) and get them tested. Children with squints may also have poor vision in the affected eye. The sooner the treatment and care starts, the better the results.

Well known as gastric cancer, stomach cancer is identified by the expansion of cancerous cells within the lining of the stomach. This cancer can metastasize to other parts of the body, including the liver, bones, lungs and lymph nodes. Different sections of the stomach cause different symptoms and hence different results. It takes many years for the growth of stomach cancer. According to global reports and research, stomach cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer but now the rates have been falling worldwide.

In subdural hematoma, blood accumulates between the layers of the tissues that encompass the cerebrum. This causes bleeding between the dura (the peripheral layer) and the arachnoid (the following layer). The bleeding in a subdural hematoma happens under the skull and outside the cerebrum. The accumulation of blood often leads to high blood pressure which is dangerous for the patient.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an inflammatory disease that occurs due to immunity disorder. Lupus is caused when body’s owns defense system attacks healthy tissues in many parts of the body. The symptoms vary from individual to individual. The disease passes through stages of severity with alternate periods of hard and mild symptoms. People suffering with SLE can lead a normal life with the help of treatments. The early symptoms may vary from fatigue to joint pain, and rashes with mild fever. The available treatments options are not definite cure but focus on improving the quality of life lead by any human. Lifestyle modifications with diet improvements and restriction from sunlight exposure are some important measures. In India alone the count for registered cases of the disease is 1 million per year.