A gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ located just beneath the liver. It stores a digestive fluid called bile, produced by your liver. There are three main layers of tissue on the walls of gallbladder. Gallbladder cancer arises when cells in a gallbladder alter and grow out of control, resulting in the formation of a tumour. Gallbladder cancer is quite uncommon. This cancer can be cured perfectly if diagnosed at an early stage. It can also lead to calcification of the gallbladder, a problem known as porcelain gallbladder.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic digestive disease in which the acid or content of the stomach flows back into the esophagus, commonly known as the food pipe. This backward flow or reflux causes irritations in the lining of esophagus, thereby leading to gastro esophageal reflux disease. It is possible to reduce mild forms of gastro esophageal reflux disease by adopting changes in lifestyle and taking medications. If the condition is complicated, you might need stronger drugs or even surgery so as to reduce symptoms. When you swallow food, the lower esophageal muscle called sphincter relaxes to allow food inside the esophagus and closes after you eat. This muscle acts like a valve. If this valve gets weakened or if the relaxation pattern turns abnormal, the acids of the stomach like bile juice can flow back into your esophagus, causing frequent heartburns.

Gilbert’s Syndrome (GS) is an inherent disease of the liver. It is a harmless genetic condition in which the liver enzyme (the protein molecule) becomes abnormal and cannot properly process bilirubin (waste due to worn out-red blood cells). It is generally due to a reduced number of chemicals in the liver. People with this disease experience elevated levels of bilirubin pigment, which may lead to yellowing of eyes and skin. It is a genetic condition and is examined when you take a blood test and that reveals high bilirubin levels.

Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders which cause damage to the optic nerve. The optic nerve connects the eye to the brain and transmits images. This optic nerve is damaged when intraocular pressure inside the eye becomes higher than normal. This condition is also called ocular hypertension or high eye pressure. The disorder is an inherited condition and worsens over time leading to permanent vision loss. A timely treatment and detection can protect the eye against serious vision loss and permanent blindness. Two main types of glaucoma are open angle glaucoma (OAG) and narrow angle glaucoma (NAG). OAG refers to cases where the watery fluid built-up inside the eye can access the drainage angle to form its path out of the eye. NAG refers to a condition where the watery fluid cannot access the drainage path.

Glioblastoma, also called glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is a kind of tumour arising from star-shaped cells (astrocytes) that build up brain supportive tissues. It is a rapidly growing, aggressive type of cancer, which affects parts of the brain and spinal cord. Tumours forming from astrocytes are cancerous as the cells multiply rapidly and are backed by a large network of blood vessels. Glioblastomas comprise a mix of cells types, cultivated by ample blood supply. Dead cells from the centre of the tumour. Since the tumours are formed of normal blood cells, they find it easy to enter and survive within the normal brain tissues.

Globe Rupture' is a drastically disturbed condition of the whole outer state of an eye's membrane, caused by any blunt object or penetrating trauma. It is the damaged state of the globe or eyeball. An open globe injury can disrupt cornea or sclera, or both. This is one of the most serious eye injuries. This differs from blunt trauma to penetrating trauma, each having its consequences. It is an ophthalmologic condition of the eye which requires immediate treatment by an ophthalmologist, as this injury can lead to a high frequency of visual loss and can be very painful to the eye. However, the eye can be rescued with the help of modern diagnostic techniques, surgical approaches, and rehabilitation.

Glomerular disease is a disorder of the kidneys, in which the normal functioning of the kidneys is disturbed and the chemical balance is not maintained in your blood and urine. Healthy kidneys flush out toxins and waste materials in the urine and retain red blood corpuscles and proteins in the blood itself. But in case of glomerular disease, toxins are retained in the blood, whereas red blood cells and proteins get filtered out in the urine. This disorder can be either acute – meaning sudden occurrence or it can be chronic – meaning it builds up over a period. To understand what glomerular disease is, it is important to understand the functioning of kidneys. The kidneys are bean-shaped fist-sized structures located near the rib cage. They have tiny structures called nephrons, which are filtering units for blood. These nephrons are made up of glomeruli and tubules. The function of glomeruli is to filter wastes and excess fluids. The function of tubules is to convert wastes into urine. In glomerular disease, the filtration process of the blood gets affected.

Goodpasture syndrome or GPS is an autoimmune disorder, which affects the underlying membranes of the kidney and liver. The disease occurs when the body’s defense system produces antibodies against collagen and attacks lungs and kidneys. Collagen is a type of protein, which helps in the formation of connectivity tissues. Goodpasture syndrome is also known as antiglomerular basement antibody disease or anti-GBM. The initial symptoms of the disease are mild and misleading, such as fatigue, etc., which are common with other disorders too. If not diagnosed and treated on time, it is fatal and can even claim life.

Graves’ ophthalmopathy, also called thyroid eye disease, is an inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit around the eyes and is characterized by upper eyelid retraction, lid lag, swelling, redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and bulging. Graves’ disease is a part of the problems caused by a hyperactive thyroid. It is an ocular disease, which if not treated in time can pose a threat to a person’s eyesight. In extreme cases of Graves’ ophthalmopathy, the eye muscles get swollen. They may put extreme pressure on the optic nerve, leading to double vision or total vision loss.

Gum disease or periodontal disease occur due to bacterial infections and swelling of the gums. In this condition, bones surrounding the gums will also swell. It is a chronic inflammatory disease and damages the tissues surrounding the teeth. The first stage of gum disease is known as gingivitis. It is a mild form of the disease, in which an individual will have red, swollen gums. Bleeding will also happen. However, there is no serious discomfort at this stage. If an individual takes good oral care at home, it can often be treated in time. A more serious form of gum disease is periodontitis. During this time, the teeth will loosen up from its roots, bone loss will occur, and tooth fall can also happen. The whole tooth system suffers, as the supporting structures suffer from gum disease. Damage to gingival tissues, ligaments, and bones is common. It is a serious oral disease leading to permanent loss of teeth. It usually happens when gingivitis is left untreated.

Gynecomastia is a disorder affecting males. It is medically defined as the swelling of the male breast tissues due to hormonal imbalance. Gynecomastia can affect either of the breasts, and sometimes both unevenly.The disorder may affect newborn male child, boys undergoing puberty, and even older men. The disorder gynecomastia does not create any serious health issues, but it can be socially and emotionally stressful. Males suffering from the condition may feel a sharp pain at times. The condition may subside on its own. However, in certain cases one might need certain medications or a small corrective surgery. This disease results from an unbalanced hormonal environment in the body, with an excess of estrogens (female hormones) as compared to androgens (male hormones). This disease can even result as a side effect of various medications and drugs.