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Overview

Diabetic nephropathy, popularly known as diabetic kidney disease, is the medical conditions in the kidney that results in malfunctioning of the kidneys, owing to diabetic condition. Researchers have shown that around 30 percent of those with diabetes are susceptible to diabetic kidney disease. This condition ultimately results in failure of the kidney. In this disease, the glomeruli or the filters of the kidneys get damaged. Therefore, the kidneys would become incapable of filtering out the wastes from your blood. As a result, your urine will have high levels of proteins called Albumins. Healthy kidneys flush out tiny quantities of albumin in the urine. Therefore, diagnosis of higher levels of albumin is the sign that diabetic kidney disease exists. Coupled with other conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol or other diseases of the blood and heart, the damages incurred to the kidney are more and cause infections in the bladder and nerve damages. Depending on how much albumin is in the urine, there are two types of diabetic kidney disease: Microalbuminuria – The albumin level in urine is 30-300 mg per day Macroalbuminuria - The albumin level in urine is more than 300 mg per day

Symptoms

In early stages of diabetic kidney disease, it is unlikely to have symptoms. But as the condition worsens, symptoms begin to appear. Other symptoms that can occur with diabetic kidney disease include: Tiredness Loss of appetite Weight loss Muscle cramps Dry and itchy skin Puffiness around eyes Increased frequency of passing urine Anemia and pale skin Swollen feet and ankles Difficulty in clear thinkingDFDAFF


Causes

The causes of diabetic kidney disease are: Diabetes Poor maintenance of blood glucose levels Obesity High blood pressure High cholesterol Long duration diabetes, especially in men Smoking Cardiovascular diseases


Diagnosis

The estimation of the functionality of kidney using factors like reports from blood tests, urine tests, consideration of age and gender, is called ‘Estimated glomerular filtration rate’. , diabetic kidney disease is diagnosed using: Urine tests Blood tests


Treatments

The treatments of diabetic kidney disease aim to delay or prevent the progression of kidney disorders into kidney failure. Especially, if you have microalbuminuria, care can be taken to prevent occurrence of diabteic kidney disease in the times to come. Another aim is to reduce the risk of development of other ailments like cardiovascular diseases and strokes. Treatments could include: ACE Inhibitors Angiotensin converting enzymes reduce the amount of a chemical called angiotensin in your blood stream. Lesser quantities of Angiotensin result in widening of blood vessels, thereby reducing blood pressure. Although this is a method to treat high blood pressure, it has been found to have positive effects in treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Glucose level control The quantity of sugar in your blood has to be controlled for delaying progression of diabetic kidney disease. Blood pressure control Strict blood pressure control is likely to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and prevent or delay the progression of kidney disease. Medication review If medications cause side-effects in your body, then ythe doctor could revise the medication in order to reduce the same. Lifestyle changes Healthy food to be consumed, body weight needs to be maintained and consumption of sweets, high-fat food, alcohol and smoking habits need to be reduced. Exercises should be done regularly to keep a healthy physique. Kidney Dialysis This method is used to provide external support for cleansing the blood of chemicals, the task otherwise performed by healthy kidneys. Kidney transplant If all else fails, your nephrologist may recommend a kidney transplantation procedure, wherein a kidney from a healthy donor is transplanted into you.


Prevention

To prevent diabetic kidney disease you have to: Maintain the glucose in your blood, within the target specified Have a healthy heart Healthy blood circulation system by eating fibre rich food Avoiding alcohol and tobacco Exercise regularly to maintain a healthy body weight


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