The signs and symptoms of bladder pain syndrome differ in different people, based on factors such as time, menstruation, physical activities, stress and sexual activity. Some common signs and symptoms are: Chronic pelvic pain Frequent urination – up to sixty times a day Persistent and urgent need to pass urine Pain during sexual intercourse In women, pain in pelvis or between vagina and anus In men, pain between the scrotum and anus Pain or discomfort after urinationDFDAFF
Although the exact causes for bladder pain syndrome are not known, the risk factors include: Defective epithelium of the bladder Leak in epithelium, which is the protective lining of the bladder Irritation in epithelium due to toxic substances Genetic defects Allergies Infections Autoimmune reactions Heredity Chronic pain disorders like fibromyalgia or irritable bowel syndrome
The following may be helpful for ythe doctor in diagnosing bladder pain syndrome: ... Pelvic exam Medical history Bladder diary Urine test Cystoscopy Hydrodistention Biopsy Cytology Potassium sensitivity test
Physical therapy To train the pelvic muscles with correct exercises. Drug therapy Drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants or pentosan polysulfate sodium may be administered to prevent the symptoms. Nerve stimulation therapy Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation may be used to relieve pelvic pain using mild electrical impulses. This can also be used to reduce urinary frequency. Due to the electrical impulses, blood flow to the bladder increases and the bladder muscles become stronger. In another technique called sacral nerve stimulation, a thin wire may be implanted in your bladder permanently and the impulses from this device control your urinary frequency. This is similar to implantation of a pacemaker for arrhythmia of the heart. Bladder distention Stretching of the bladder to increase the capacity. Catheterization A thin flexible tube called catheter is filled with a solution of medication and local anesthesia. Surgical procedures If all other treatments fail to relieve you of bladder pain syndrome, some surgical options may be recommended by your nephrologist. Fulguration - This minimally invasive method involves insertion of instruments through the urethra to burn off ulcers that may be present with interstitial cystitis. Resection - This is another minimally invasive method that involves insertion of instruments through the urethra to cut around any ulcers. Bladder augmentation - In this procedure, a surgeon increases the capacity of your bladder by putting a patch of intestine on the bladder. However, this is performed only in very specific and rare instances. The procedure doesn't eliminate pain and some people need to empty their bladders with a catheter many times a day.
To prevent bladder pain syndrome, the following measures are recommended: Training the bladder to hold more urine, for longer periods Reduce stress and be relaxed Practice meditation to keep stress at bay Wear loose clothing that do not pressurize your bladder Indulge in low impact exercises like walking Quit smoking Avoid consumption of triggering foods, by maintaining a food journal
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