Symptoms of Hyponatremia include: Nausea Vomiting Muscle pain Anxiety Headache Weakness Seizures ComaDFDAFF
Causes of Hyponatremia include: Medications like water pills, antidepressants and pain relievers may lead to Hyponatremia. Heart, kidney and liver diseases.Congestive heart failure and certain other diseases related to the kidneys, heart or liver can dilute the sodium in the patient’s body. Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH). This disease leads to the production of high levels of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) in the body which causes retention of water in the body instead of excretion. Diarrhea leads to loss of body fluids including electrolytes like sodium. Excess intake of water: Drinking too much water, especially while exercising, dilutes the sodium content in blood. Consuming very little water can also cause loss of fluids and electrolytes. Drinking 6-8 glasses of water everyday keeps the body hydrated. Hormonal changes: Problems like Adrenal gland insufficiency affect the body’s hormonal balance which in turn disturbs the body's balance of sodium, potassium and water. Drugs: Intake of recreational drugs like Ecstasy lowers the sodium levels in the body and may cause Hyponatremia.
The doctor checks the medical history and conducts a physical examination of the patient. To further confirm the presence of Hyponatremia or low blood sodium, the doctor conducts the following screening tests: Blood tests Urine tests
The treatment for Hyponatremia focuses at curing the underlying cause of the disease. If the patient has Hyponatremia due to excessive intake of water, the doctor may ask to temporarily reduce the intake of fluids. However, if the disease is severe, the doctor may opt for the following treatments: Intravenous fluids The doctor injects fluids like IV sodium solution into the patient’s veins to increase the sodium content in the blood. Medications The doctor may advise certain medicines to control the symptoms of Hyponatremia and provide relief to the patient.
Hyponatremia can be prevented by timely diagnosis and treatment of diseases like adrenal gland insufficiency that lower the blood sodium levels. Controlling the intake of fluids while exercising can also help in preventing Hyponatremia.
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